I don't think there is ever a time when they grow out of sleeping in the crate. At least not through their own choice. The humans decide if and when they get to be out of the crate. Not them. I expect every one of my dogs to be able to be crated at any given time, and for any length of time (within reason of course), without making a fuss. Complaining about being crated would make me insist even more that they stay crated. There are times where crating without a fuss is important.
There are fear periods and this may be a symptom, but I've never had one of my dogs demonstrate that by suddenly getting upset in the crate. I'm sure it's entirely possible. Did you move the crate? Has anything changed at all? Watch during the day and see if he's urinating more frequently and if you notice that he is, then maybe take in a sample to rule out a UTI. It's probably not that, but I suggest ruling it out if you see any symptoms at all. They also go through periods where they like to test you and see what they can get away with. Can't blame a guy for trying, lol. As long as it's not frantic, freaked out, behavior and he's hurting himself I'd just rule out any health issue (UTI), and insist he stays in the crate until he's quiet. Just make sure he gives you a moment of quiet, mark it (Yes! Good! or a click) and then let him out. Don't let him out while he's making a fuss. Remember, even negative attention is attention. I'm sure you know all that as he was fine in the crate before this. Good luck and please keep us updated.